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This is the original mainboard the the PC came with, searching through The Retro Web, it is most likely an ECS 386S.
At the bottom right is a slot for a cache card which is mechanically broken and something in that general area has released magic smoke while testing the machine. It would not boot anymore since then and even before took sevaral attempts until it would boot.
This is the inside of the machine with the replacement mainboard and also the replacement PSU installed. The new mainboard is a J-Bond A430C-H obtained from an E-bay reseller who had it sorted into the wrong category and was willing to part with it for less than €30.
With the much smaller mainboard and all of the hard drives removed, there is now a gaping void inside the case.
The case, by the way, has hinges and two conventient buttons that can be pressed to unlock it and swing it open. This contrasts to the original PC AT that had way too many screws to fasten a U-shaped metal bracket that would slide off.
This contraption was scrwed in through the bottom of the case, holding one of the many broken hard drives that I got with the machine.
The new board has an AM386DX-40 soldered onto it, with an unpopulated pinout for a socket and an actual socket for a 387 nearby. The 387 that I installed here was pried off the original board.
The green can with wires attached is the BIOS battery from the original mainboard. Currently, it holds enough charge for the CMOS settings to persist, but the RTC tends to get stuck at the current date and time the machine was last used.
The graphics card and super I/O board are also from the original machine. More specifically, I got the machine with a 2TheMax, MAX VGA 4000 card, sporting a whole 1M of graphics RAM and a TsengLabs ET4000.
Because of the vintage of the graphics chip and the VRAM size, I suspect that this is not the graphics card that the machine was originally sold with, but the previous owner retrofitted it at some point.
This is the original Intel 80386DX-33 that was installed in the machine, next to a coin of roughly the same vintage for size comparison.
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